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Infertility – Causes, Treatments, and Support Options

Infertility - Causes, Treatments, and Support Options

Infertility is a challenging and emotionally distressing condition that affects many couples worldwide. Defined as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse, infertility can arise from various factors. In such cases, the first and foremost thing one needs is to consult an experienced infertility specialist in Greater Kailash. However, advancements in medical science have led to numerous treatment options and support systems for individuals struggling with infertility. Here, we will explore the causes of infertility, available treatment methods, and support options for couples navigating this journey.

Causes of Infertility

Infertility can be caused by several factors that affect either the male or female partner, or sometimes both. Common causes in women include hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, structural issues in the reproductive organs, and conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis. In men, infertility can be caused by sperm abnormalities, low sperm count, or issues with sperm motility or morphology. Additionally, factors like age, certain medical conditions, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors can contribute to infertility.

What Are the Treatment Options?

The treatment of infertility depends on the underlying cause and may vary for each individual or couple. Some common treatment options include:

Medications: Fertility drugs can help regulate ovulation in women or improve sperm production and quality in men.

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Techniques like in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) can assist in achieving pregnancy by bypassing certain fertility barriers.

Surgery: Surgical procedures can correct structural abnormalities in the reproductive organs or address conditions like endometriosis or blocked fallopian tubes.

Donor Options: In cases where there are severe fertility issues, options such as donor eggs, sperm, or embryos may be considered.

Support Options

The emotional and psychological impact of infertility can be significant, and it is crucial for couples to seek support during this challenging journey. Here are some support options to consider:

Counseling and Therapy: Mental health professionals specializing in infertility can provide a safe space for couples to express their emotions, navigate the complexities of treatment, and develop coping strategies.

Support Groups: Joining support groups or online forums allows couples to connect with others facing similar challenges, share experiences, gain insights, and receive emotional support.

Alternative Therapies: Techniques such as acupuncture, meditation, and yoga may help reduce stress, enhance relaxation, and support overall well-being during fertility treatment.

Educational Resources: Accessing reliable information through books, websites, and reputable fertility organizations can empower couples with knowledge about infertility, treatment options, and lifestyle changes that may improve fertility.

Infertility can be a difficult journey, but advancements in medical science offer hope for many couples. Understanding the causes of infertility, exploring available treatment options, and seeking appropriate support can provide couples with the necessary tools to navigate this challenging road and increase their chances of achieving their dream of parenthood. If you are looking for an experienced infertility specialist, consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon. She is also a good gynecologist in South Delhi.

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How to Reduce the Risk of Gynecological Diseases?

Maintaining optimal gynecological health is crucial for women of all ages. While some gynecological diseases cannot be completely prevented, there are several proactive measures that women can take to reduce their risk. By adopting healthy lifestyle choices and prioritizing regular screenings, women can significantly minimize the chances of developing various gynecological conditions. This blog post will explore essential tips to help women protect and enhance their gynecological well-being. However, you must consult an experienced pregnancy doctor in South Delhi for proper guidance.

Practice Safe Sexual Behavior

Engaging in safe sexual behavior is paramount for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reducing the risk of gynecological diseases. Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual intercourse can significantly lower the chances of contracting STIs, including HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Additionally, getting vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV) can help prevent cervical cancer, which is often caused by certain strains of this common virus.

Maintain Good Hygiene

Proper hygiene practices are crucial for preventing gynecological infections. Women should ensure that they clean the genital area daily with mild, unscented soap and water. Avoid using douches or vaginal sprays, as they can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and increase the risk of infections. It is also important to wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from the anus reaching the vagina and causing urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Follow a Balanced Diet

A well-balanced diet is essential for overall health, including gynecological well-being. Consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can provide the necessary nutrients to support a robust immune system and reduce inflammation. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight can help decrease the risk of gynecological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer.

Engage in Regular Physical Activity

Regular exercise offers numerous benefits for women’s health, including reducing the risk of gynecological diseases. Engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic activities such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling for at least 150 minutes per week can help maintain a healthy weight, improve circulation, and lower the risk of conditions like uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis.

Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol Consumption

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to an increased risk of various gynecological diseases. Women who smoke are more likely to develop cervical cancer, infertility, and experience complications during pregnancy. Similarly, excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol intake can significantly reduce these risks.

Prioritize Regular Screenings and Check-ups

Regular gynecological screenings and check-ups are essential for early detection and prevention of potential health issues. Women should undergo routine Pap tests to screen for cervical cancer as their healthcare provider recommends. Mammograms should be performed regularly to screen for breast cancer, and women over 50 should also consider regular bone density tests to assess the risk of osteoporosis.

You can consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon, an experienced Gynecologist in Greater Kailash for detailed tips on maintaining your gynecological health.

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Uterine Fibroids – Dos and Don’ts

Uterine Fibroids - Dos and Don’ts

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are quite common among women of reproductive age and can cause a range of symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. While the exact cause of fibroids is unclear, some certain dos and don’ts can help manage the condition and alleviate symptoms. Here we will discuss what you should do and what you should avoid to manage the condition and prevent making it worse. First, it is important to look for the best fibroids treatment in South Delhi.

Dos

 

Educate Yourself

Learn about uterine fibroids and their symptoms to better understand your condition. Knowledge about fibroids can help you make informed decisions regarding treatment options and lifestyle changes.

Maintain a Healthy Diet

Focus on a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Include foods that are high in iron to combat anemia caused by heavy menstrual bleeding.

Exercise Regularly

Engage in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling. Exercise can help regulate hormone levels and manage weight, potentially reducing fibroids’ size and symptoms.

Manage Stress

Find healthy ways to cope with stress, as stress can potentially worsen fibroid symptoms. Engage in relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga to promote overall well-being.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking an adequate amount of water can help maintain overall health and ensure proper body functioning. Drink enough water to prevent your body from getting dehydrated.

Don’ts

 

Ignore Symptoms

Don’t ignore or downplay the symptoms of uterine fibroids. If you experience heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or any other concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.

Consume Excessive Caffeine and Alcohol

Limit your intake of caffeine and alcohol as they can potentially exacerbate fibroid symptoms. These substances can stimulate the uterus and lead to increased bleeding and discomfort.

Neglect Birth Control

If you’re experiencing symptoms related to uterine fibroids, consider using hormonal birth control methods. Certain contraceptives, such as hormonal IUDs or birth control pills, can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce heavy bleeding associated with fibroids.

Ignore Treatment Options

Depending on the severity of symptoms and their impact on your quality of life, various treatment options are available for uterine fibroids. These range from medications to surgical procedures.

Avoid Regular Check-ups

Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring the size and growth of fibroids. It also allows for evaluating symptoms and adjusting treatment plans as necessary.

To get the details on what could be best for you, consulting with a healthcare professional for personal advice is important. Dr. Ruchi Tandon is an experienced Gynecologist in Greater Kailash whom you can trust.

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Reasons for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Reasons for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to any unusual or irregular bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside of the normal menstrual cycle. This condition can be caused by various factors and may occur at different stages of a woman’s life. To diagnose the right cause, it is important to consult an experienced doctor for abnormal uterine bleeding in South Delhi. Here are some of the common causes of the condition.

What Are the Reasons for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

Hormonal Imbalance

Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone, can disrupt the normal menstrual cycle and lead to abnormal bleeding. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, and perimenopause can cause hormonal imbalances, resulting in irregular or prolonged bleeding.

Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, often accompanied by pain and cramping. Depending on their size and location, fibroids may require medical intervention or surgery.

Endometrial Polyps

These are growths that occur in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). Polyps can cause irregular bleeding, particularly after intercourse or during menopause. While usually benign, they may require removal if symptomatic.

Adenomyosis

This condition involves the abnormal growth of the endometrial tissue into the muscular wall of the uterus. It can lead to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, severe cramping, and pelvic pain.

Endometrial Hyperplasia

This condition is characterized by excessive growth of the uterine lining. It can cause irregular bleeding, and if left untreated, it may increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

Medications or Medical Procedures

Certain medications, such as blood thinners or hormonal therapies, can contribute to abnormal uterine bleeding as a side effect. Additionally, procedures like intrauterine device (IUD) insertion or endometrial biopsy can occasionally cause bleeding.

 

Infections or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Infections of the uterus, cervix, or vagina, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or certain STIs, can cause abnormal bleeding. These conditions often present with other symptoms like pain, discharge, or fever.

Blood Disorders

Disorders affecting the clotting factors in the blood, such as von Willebrand disease or platelet dysfunction, can lead to heavy or prolonged bleeding.

Cancerous or Pre-cancerous Conditions

In some cases, abnormal uterine bleeding may be a sign of endometrial cancer or precancerous changes in the uterus. Women with persistent, unexplained bleeding should consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

It’s important to note that each individual’s situation may vary, and a proper medical evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you are experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding, consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon, the best gynecologist in South Delhi for early assessment and treatment.

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Hysteroscopy – Why and How?

Hysteroscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the field of gynecology. It offers several benefits and is commonly performed to address various uterine issues. An experienced doctor specializing in minimally invasive surgery in South Delhi performs this technique for various purposes. Let us see why.

Why Hysteroscopy is Performed?

Here are some reasons why hysteroscopy is performed:

Diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Hysteroscopy helps investigate the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, such as heavy or prolonged menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, or intermenstrual bleeding. It allows doctors to visually examine the uterine lining and identify conditions such as uterine polyps, fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, or uterine cancer.

Evaluation of Infertility

It plays a crucial role in evaluating and addressing infertility issues. It enables doctors to assess the uterine cavity for abnormalities that may hinder conception or implantation. Conditions like uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome), or scar tissue can be diagnosed and treated during the procedure, improving the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Treatment of Uterine Abnormalities

In addition to diagnosis, hysteroscopy allows for therapeutic interventions. It can be used to remove uterine polyps or fibroids, resect uterine septum, and release intrauterine adhesions. By addressing these abnormalities, hysteroscopy can alleviate symptoms, improve fertility outcomes, and enhance overall uterine health.

How is Hysteroscopy Performed?

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of specialized instruments to examine and treat the uterus. Here is how it is done:

Preparation

Before the procedure, the patient may receive general or local anesthesia, depending on the extent of the hysteroscopy. This ensures comfort and pain control during the procedure.

Insertion of the Hysteroscope

The hysteroscope, a thin and flexible instrument with a light source and camera, is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix, and into the uterus. Carbon dioxide gas or a saline solution may be used to expand the uterine cavity, providing a clearer view of the area.

Visual Examination

Real-time images captured by the hysteroscope’s camera are projected onto a monitor, allowing the doctor to visually examine the uterine lining. This enables the identification of any abnormalities or pathologies.

Therapeutic Interventions

If necessary, therapeutic procedures can be performed during hysteroscopy. This may include the removal of polyps or fibroids, resection of uterine septum, or lysis of adhesions. Specialized instruments are used to carry out these interventions.

Post-procedure Care

After the hysteroscopy, the patient is monitored in a recovery area until the effects of anesthesia wear off. Most hysteroscopies are performed on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home the same day. Mild cramping or spotting may occur, but these usually subside within a few days.

Hysteroscopy is a valuable procedure used in gynecology for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It provides a comprehensive examination of the uterus, allowing for the identification and treatment of various uterine abnormalities. Dr. Ruchi Tandon, an experienced Gynecologist Doctor in South Delhi is an expert in performing hysteroscopy.

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Endometriosis – Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

Endometriosis is a chronic condition. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, known as endometrial tissue, grows outside the uterus. This misplaced tissue can cause various symptoms and significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for endometriosis. However, it is important to consult an endometriosis doctor in South Delhi timely to prevent the worsening of the condition.

 

What Are the Causes of Endometriosis?

The exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, but several factors believed to contribute to the condition are:

Retrograde menstruation: Backflow of menstrual blood through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity, allowing endometrial cells to implant and grow.

Hormonal imbalance: Estrogen, a hormone that stimulates the growth of the endometrium, may promote the development of endometriosis.

Immune system dysfunction: Issues with the immune system may prevent the body from recognizing and eliminating misplaced endometrial tissue.

Genetic factors: Endometriosis appears to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the condition.

Surgical scar implantation: Endometrial cells may attach to surgical incisions, such as those from a Cesarean section or hysterectomy, and grow outside the uterus.

 

What Are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?

The symptoms of endometriosis can vary in severity and presentation, and some women may experience no symptoms at all. However, the most common signs include:

Pelvic pain: This is the primary symptom, ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating pain during menstruation, intercourse, or throughout the menstrual cycle.

Dysmenorrhea: Severe menstrual cramps that may cause nausea, vomiting, or fainting.

Chronic pelvic pain: Persistent pain in the lower back and pelvis.

Painful intercourse: Known as dyspareunia, it can occur during or after sexual activity.

Irregular bleeding: Heavy or irregular menstrual periods.

Infertility: Difficulty in conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term.

 

What Are the Treatment Options for Endometriosis?

Endometriosis has no cure. However, several treatment options for managing the symptoms and improving quality of life are:

Pain medication: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, hormonal patches, or intrauterine devices containing progestin or a combination of estrogen and progestin can help regulate hormone levels and reduce symptoms.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: These medications temporarily suppress estrogen production, inducing a menopause-like state and reducing endometrial growth.

Laparoscopic surgery: A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove endometrial implants and scar tissue, improving pain symptoms and fertility in some cases.

Hysterectomy: In severe cases where other treatments have failed, the removal of the uterus and sometimes the ovaries may be considered.

 

Conclusion

Endometriosis is a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management. Early recognition of symptoms and timely intervention can help alleviate pain, preserve fertility, and improve the overall quality of life for women.

If you suspect you may have endometriosis, consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon, the best gynecologist in South Delhi.

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A Quick Guide on Different Methods of Abortions

Abortion is a sensitive and complex topic that involves terminating a pregnancy. There are different types of abortion procedures available, which may vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and the woman’s individual circumstances. However, it is important to find the best abortion clinic in Delhi before opting for the procedure. Besides this, it is also necessary to find the best gynecologist in Delhi for the same. Here, we will discuss different methods of abortion.

Different Types of Abortion Methods

Medical Abortion

Medical abortion, also known as the abortion pill, is a non-surgical procedure used to terminate early pregnancies, typically up to 10 weeks gestation. It involves taking a few medications that work together to induce a miscarriage. One medicine is taken orally at the clinic followed by another one at home, usually within 24 to 48 hours later. This method is generally safe and effective, with the process resembling a heavy menstrual period. The medicine must be taken after guidance.

Aspiration Abortion

Aspiration abortion also referred to as suction or vacuum aspiration, is a common method used in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks) of pregnancy. It involves dilating the cervix and using a suction device to remove the contents of the uterus. This procedure can be performed in a healthcare provider’s office, clinic, or hospital setting. It is typically a quick procedure, lasting about 5-10 minutes, and recovery time is relatively short.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

D&C is a surgical abortion method used in the first trimester or early second trimester of pregnancy (up to 16 weeks). It involves dilating the cervix and removing the pregnancy using a suction device and a curette (a spoon-shaped instrument). The procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia in a clinic or hospital. D&C may be recommended in cases where the pregnancy has stopped developing or if there are certain complications.

Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)

D&E is a surgical procedure used for second-trimester abortions (from around 13 to 24 weeks gestation). It involves dilating the cervix and using suction and surgical instruments to remove the pregnancy. This procedure is usually performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. D&E may be necessary in cases where the pregnancy poses risks to the woman’s health or if there are fetal abnormalities.

Induction Abortion

Induction abortion is a method used in the second or third trimester of pregnancy (typically after 24 weeks) when the pregnancy is no longer viable or poses significant risks to the woman’s health. It involves the administration of medication to induce labor and deliver the fetus. This procedure is typically performed in a hospital, where the woman is closely monitored throughout the process.

The legality and availability of the procedure varies by country. These procedures are performed after proper documentation by experienced gynecologists. If you are looking for the best abortion clinic in South Delhi, consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon.

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Spine Health and Pregnancy – What You Should Know About?

Pregnancy is one of the best phases in a woman’s life. And why not? It is the time when life is giving birth to another life. However, the fact can also be not denied that this phase is not easy for women as they go through a lot of emotional and physical changes. To avoid any severe complications and manage such changes, it is important to stay in touch with the Best Gynecologist in Greater Kailash.

Well, one of the noticeable facts during pregnancy is the changing spine health, and this is what we will be discussing in the post.

How Pregnancy Affects Spine Health?

If we talk about lower back pain during pregnancy, then it often occurs because of the change in the posture of women. Added weight because of the growth and development of the fetus is the reason.

Now, the fetus’s growth also contributes to postural changes in women. Studies have found that the curvature of the lumbar spine increases to around 2.7° during the third trimester of pregnancy when compared to the curvature in non-pregnant women. This is because of the forward-pushing weight of the fetus. However, lower back pain in the first and second trimesters may not be because of these changes. The pain often becomes intense during the later stages of pregnancy and the growing fetus is the cause of the same.

How to Maintain Spine Health During Pregnancy?

Over 50% of women complain of lower back pain during pregnancy and we can say it is a sign of a developing baby. Well, as the fetus grows, your back has to take all the pain. However, there are certain tips that can help you with the pain and maintain spine health during pregnancy:

Regular Exercise

Exercising is the best form of defense against back pain, and during pregnancy, it becomes a must. So, safe exercises must be routinely performed to get long-term relief from backache and maintain optimum spine health. If you are confused about which exercises you should perform, consult a specialist.

Heat and Cold Therapy

The application of heat or cold packs may also help with temporary back pain relief. This must be done for up to 20 minutes several times a day. Here, it is advised not to apply heat to the abdomen during pregnancy.

Improve Posture

Another way of maintaining spine health is to improve posture while sitting, standing, or sleeping. Leaning towards the back is likely during pregnancy, however, expert advice may help you cope with the changing posture. The use of a support belt may be of good help in such a situation.

Dr. Ruchi Tandon is a renowned pregnancy doctor in Delhi and she also provides the best fibroids treatment in Greater Kailash.

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What Are the Common Gynecological Problems?

Gynecological problems are common as almost every woman experiences one or the other issues in her lifetime. However, in most cases, the conditions are mild and easily treatable. While on the other hand, some issues are severe enough to need surgical intervention. It is always better to consult an experienced Gynecologist doctor in South Delhi to address these issues timely and get the best treatment.

In this blog, we will have a quick look at some of the commonly reported gynecological problems.

Common Gynecological Problems

There are several common gynecological problems that women may experience at some point in their lives. Some of these problems include:

Menstrual disorders: Menstrual disorders refer to a range of conditions that affect a woman’s menstrual cycle, including the length of her cycle, the amount of bleeding, and the regularity of her periods. These include irregular periods, heavy periods, painful periods, and the absence of periods.

Pelvic pain: Pelvic pain refers to discomfort or pain in the lower abdominal area, below the belly button, and between the hips. It can affect both men and women. However, women are commonly affected. This can be caused by various factors such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and fibroids.

Vaginal infections: These can be caused by yeast, bacteria, or viruses and may cause symptoms such as itching, discharge, and pain during intercourse.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries, which can cause irregular periods, infertility, weight gain, and other symptoms.

Menopause and perimenopause: These are natural stages in a woman’s life when the ovaries stop producing eggs and the levels of estrogen and progesterone decline, leading to symptoms such as hot flashes, mood changes, and vaginal dryness.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and may cause symptoms such as itching, burning, discharge, and pain during intercourse.

Pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic organ prolapse is a medical condition in which one or more organs in the pelvic region, such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum, slip or protrude into the vaginal wall or outside the vaginal opening. This condition is more common in women and is caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles or damaged connective tissues that support the pelvic organs.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms or have concerns about your gynecological health. Consult Dr. Ruchi Tandon, an experienced Gynecologist doctor in South Delhi.

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What Are the Causes of Infertility?

Infertility could be debilitating and why not? Every couple wants a child and when it is unable to do that, the situation becomes frustrating. Well, there is no need for that as advanced medical technologies are available in the market for the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. In this blog, we will see some of the possible causes of infertility along with its diagnosis. If you are also struggling to conceive, consult an infertility specialist in Greater Kailash.

Before we move ahead, let us have a brief look at infertility.

What is Infertility?

Infertility is a medical condition characterized by the inability of a person or a couple to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women. There could be many causes of infertility including hormonal imbalances to structural problems. Infertility can be temporary or permanent. The condition can be treated with various medical, surgical, or assisted reproductive techniques.

What Are the Causes of Infertility?

There could be several reasons for infertility in males and females. Let us see:

Female Infertility

Age: As women age, their ovarian reserve and the quality of eggs decrease, leading to reduced fertility.

Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) can affect ovulation and fertility.

Structural problems: Structural problems in the reproductive system, such as blocked fallopian tubes, can prevent sperm and egg from meeting.

Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of it, which can cause scarring and blockages in the reproductive system.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects ovulation and can cause irregular periods.

Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, and poor nutrition can affect fertility.

Autoimmune disorders: Autoimmune disorders can cause the body to attack reproductive organs, leading to infertility.

Genetic factors: Certain genetic mutations can cause infertility or increase the risk of infertility.

Male Infertility

Abnormal sperm production: This can be due to genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, infections, radiation, chemotherapy, or certain medications.

Blockages in the sperm ducts: This can be caused by infections, injury, or prior surgeries.

Varicocele: This is a condition where the veins that drain the testicle become enlarged, leading to reduced sperm quality and quantity.

Erectile dysfunction: This can make it difficult or impossible to achieve or maintain an erection, which can affect fertility.

Retrograde ejaculation: This is the condition when the semen goes into the bladder instead of coming out during ejaculation.

Environmental factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, such as pesticides, lead, or radiation, can affect sperm production and quality.

Lifestyle factors: Certain lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and obesity, can also affect fertility.

Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome deletions, or cystic fibrosis, can affect male fertility.

For a consultation, contact Dr. Ruchi Tandon, an infertility specialist in Greater Kailash.